中国汽车零部件企业竞争力分析

,,,,中国汽车零部件企业竞争力分析China Auto Component Manufacturers’ Competitiveness Analysis倪威 Wilson Ni,第一部分Portion I中国汽车工业China Auto Industry and Its及进出口现状Import/Export Status,1998-2007中国汽车销量统计1998-2007 China Auto Sales,辆 , unit,资料来源Source: 中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,1998-2007中国汽车零部件进出口统计1998-2007 China Auto Parts I/E,亿美元 $ 100 million,资料来源Source: 中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,2007年中国汽车零部件进出口统计2007 China Auto Parts I/E by Month,亿美元 $ 100 million,资料来源Source: 中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,2007年中国汽车零部件出口产品细分2007 China Auto Parts Export by Products,亿美元 $ 100 million,资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,2007年中国汽车零部件进口产品细分2007 China Auto Parts Import by Products,亿美元 $ 100 million,资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,2007年中国汽车零部件出口国别细分2007 China Auto Parts Export by Countries,亿美元 $ 100 million,资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,$ 100 million,2007年中国汽车零部件进口国别细分2007 China Auto Parts Import by Countries,资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,2007年中国汽车零部件出口产地细分2007 China Auto Parts Export by Regions,亿美元 $ 100 million,资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,2007年中国汽车零部件出口企业细分2007 China Auto Parts Export by Factories,资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM,亿美元 $ 100 million,2007年中国汽车零部件最大出口企业2007 China’s Biggest Auto Parts Exporters,中国汽车零部件进出口产品特点Characteristics of China Auto Parts I/E,出口产品附加值低、价值低、技术含量低的劳动密集型产品China exported products: low value added, labor intensive进口产品附加值高、价值高、技术含量高的资金密集型产品China import products: high value added, technology intensive,中国汽车零部件企业评价Comments to China Auto Manufacturers,只能走“低端之路”Low-end way,第二部分Portion II中国汽车零部件企业China Auto Component Manufacturers’竞争力现状Competiveness Status,有下面几方共同完成Completely jointly by the followings:国务院发展研究中心China State ConsulDeveloping Research Center中国汽车工程学会SAE-China大众汽车集团VW China,中国汽车产业发展报告Annual Report on Auto Industry in China,中国汽车产业国际竞争力-1China Auto Global Competitiveness-1,中国汽车产业国际竞争力-2China Auto Global Competitiveness-2,综合得分Comprehensive score：47.64,中国汽车产业竞争性尚不及世界先进水平一半China Auto’s competitiveness is less than half of world’s level,结论Conclusion,竞争力弱的原因-外部因素Reason Analysis-External,颁布的政策、法规尚无法提供宽松、和谐的竞争环境Related policies, rules failed to provide fair competition environment,,,交通部 Ministry of Communications,公安部Ministry of Public Security,国家发改委National Development and Reform Commission,环保局State Environmental Protection Administration,商务部Ministry of Commerce,海关China Customs,质监局Quality and Technologic Supervision,商检局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine,国务院State Council,人民银行The People’s Bank of China,保监会China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC),科技部Ministry of Science and Technology,国标委Standardization Administration of China,国税局State Administration of Taxation,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,工商局State Administration for Industry and Commerce,谁在给中国汽车发号施令？Who is Giving Order to China Auto?,2007年政府颁布部分法令法规2007 Policies Issued by Government,2007年政府颁布部分法令法规汇总Summary of Policies Issued in 2007,政出多门、缺乏横向协调So many governmental bodies “care” China Auto without coordination themselves零部件供应商无所适从Auto suppliers could not figure out which way to proceed案例：欧III的实施过程Case study: Euro III implementation from July 1st, 2008,中国汽车产业外部环境特点Features of External Environment,广泛存在的、狭隘而有效的Widely existing, “effective”国家/地方保护主义State/Local protectionism大集团保护主义Group protectionism长期形成的“潜规则”壁垒“Game rules”,竞争力弱的原因-内部因素Reason Analysis-Internal,欧美模式：与主机厂完全独立，不得不不断提升自身竞争力European/US Mode: purely independent, HAVE TO continuously improve日韩模式：主机厂经常参股，以整车厂竞争力带动零部件厂竞争力Japan/Korea Mode: OE’s shares, improve effectiveness jointly with OE’s,零部件企业与主机厂关系模式-1Business Model of Auto Supplier-1,零部件企业与主机厂关系模式-2Business Model of Auto Supplier-2,中国模式：介于两者之间，主机厂、零部件厂竞争力均不强China Mode: Between the two modes, both OE’s and suppliers are weak in competitiveness,世界最大20家零部件企业(2006)World’s Top 20 Auto Part Producers(2006),中国最大20家零部件企业(2006)China’s Top 20 Auto Part Producers(2006),企业市场环境的特点Features of Business Environment,市场有了，何必不断打造竞争力？Why to sharpen competitiveness if market is entirely guaranteed,第三部分Portion III工业企业竞争力Enterprises Competitiveness,,,,企 业市场表现Market Behavior,价格Price,,,,质量Quality,开发Develop,交货Delivery,企业竞争力表象Successful Enterprise in Competition,企业竞争力的几个方面Aspects of Competitiveness,“人无我有、人有我优、人优我强”Always stronger than competitors在竞争中制胜的综合本领The Comprehensive competitiveness to win competition,对“企业竞争力定义”的诠释Appreciation to Competitiveness,竞争力=外部“给予”的竞争力+内部“打造”的竞争力Competitiveness=“Granted” external competitiveness+”Developed” internal competitiveness,竞争力公式Formula for Competitiveness,国家主义(优惠、倾斜、鼓励等保护性政策)State favorable policies地方主义(地方经济发展要求)Local protectionism联营主义(来自主机厂的保护伞)Business affiliates经济地位(技术移植与土生土长)Transplant and self-developed“游戏浅规则”(中国特色)“Game rules”,外部竞争力External Competiveness,外部竞争力的特点Features of External Competitiveness,与生俱来Granted by others历史渊源Historical reasons存在的必要Necessity to exist发展的需要Necessity to development相对性—时间、地点Relative to exist—time, location,第一负责人企业家素质1st leader’s characteristics企业发展战略的确立Clear developing strategy制度与法规的制定和实施Effective Policies and execution人力资源的获取Availability to Human Resources财务管理与成本控制能力Finance management and cost control企业文化的确立 Corporate culture…,内部竞争力Internal Competiveness,需要长时间打造Takes long time to build up有可能长久保持Could maintain long time各方面均强-“木桶”效应Wooden-barrel Effect买不到、偷不走、学不着Firmly planted真正的“克敌制胜”的法宝Effective method in competion,内部竞争力的特点Features of Internal Competitiveness,竞争力强的企业的表现Observation to Strong Competitiveness,第一负责人的“领袖魅力”First leader’s “personnel attraction”敬业精神与工作态度Working attitude and spirit成功的成本控制手段Effective way to control cost“立竿见影”的奖惩机制Performance award/punish mechanism“可望又可及”的期权MBO,第四部分Portion IV企业竞争力提升方法The Why to Develop Competitiveness,“公平竞争”Fair competition抱怨(民企、国企、外企)Strong complaints from all parties,提高企业竞争力的对策-1The Way to Improve Competitiveness-1,到国际舞台上参与“公平条件下”的竞争Participate global competition under “Fair and Equal” business conditions,“短、平、快”方法The Most Effective Way,亚新科集团出口实践ASIMCO Group Export by Years,千美元 $ 1,000,加大研发投资比例Increase Capital Investment in R&D,提高企业竞争力的对策-2The Way to Improve Competitiveness-2,2006世界研发投资最大100家公司-12006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-1,2006世界研发投资最大100家公司-22006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-2,2006世界研发投资最大100家公司-32006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-3,2006世界研发投资最大100家公司-42006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-4,2006世界研发投资最大100家公司-52006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-5,全球研发投资情况Global Companies’ R&D Investment Status,资料来源Source: 欧共体2007 年度报告European Commission Annual Report 2007,2006 中国汽车整车企业研发投资情况‘06 China Major Vehicle Makers R&D Status,资料来源Source: 中国汽车工程学会 SAE-China,中国汽车零部件企业研发投资情况China Auto Part Makers R&D Status,平均比例 Average Ratio：1.4%,资料来源: 中国汽车工业协会 “2006中国最大100家汽车零部件企业分析 Source: China’s Top 100 Auto Component Producers Survey-CAAM,第五部分Portion V企业新产品开放方向New Product Development Trend,中国汽车市场与技术特点Auto Market &Technology Characteristics,经济发展不平衡导致的市场多元化Multi-layer market caused by “unbalanced” economy 制造商离散化-CR3指数Producer decentralized-CR3 Index产品多样化Multi-layer products,95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35,社会关注 Social Focus,排放物控制 Emission Control, CO, NOX,PM, etc.,技术进步 Technological Progress,替代能源 Substitute Fuel,国际汽车技术发展特点Auto Technology Development Trend,温室效应 Greenhouse Effect,未来5-10年中国汽车工业产品开发方向Auto Development Trend in 5-10 Years,产品质量稳定性Quality and stability节能Fuel economy环保Environment friendly安全Safety电子化及新材料Electrolyzed and new material,谢谢！Thanks!,